Engaging cognitive control helps children ignore unreliable sentence processing cues

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Children make early commitments to sentence structure but often fail to revise after late-arriving conflicts. To understand why, we engaged cognitive-control systems by interleaving Stroop trials and active/passive garden-path sentences. In contexts where children had to overcome an agent-first bias, Cognitive-control engagement improved 5 year-olds’ interpretation of passives, relative to actives. In contexts without an agent-first bias, cognitive-control engagement led to parallel effects across active and passive constructions. These findings are inconsistent with a resource-depletion account which predicts worse performance on passive sentences after Incongruent Stroop trials. Instead, this suggests that cognitive-control engagement actually helps children ignore unreliable parsing heuristics, such as their agent-first bias.

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