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In a comprehensive cross-national study involving samples that were representative in terms of age and sex for the adult populations from 12 different countries (N = 2,429) we find that overall women cooperate significantly less than men in fully incentivized one-shot prisoner’s dilemma games. This gender gap in cooperation can be explained by the fact that women hold lower expectations regarding the cooperativeness of their anonymous interaction partners. These results contradict the common stereotype that women are more communal, caring, emotionally expressive, and warm than men and substantial empirical evidence showing that women act more prosocially in many contexts. This OSF project contains the data, experimental instructions and analysis reported in the working paper "A cross-national analysis of sex differences in prisoner’s dilemma games"
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