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Description: THIS IS PRE-PRINTED SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL. THE AUTHENTICATED SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL IS NOW PUBLISHED IN “BMC MEDICINE (17: 203)”. THE FINAL AUTHENTICATED VERSION IS AVAILABLE ONLINE AT: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1430-6 Resilience factors (RFs) reduce mental health problems following childhood adversity (CA). We investigated 10 RFs in adolescents with (CA+; n=638) and without CA (CA-; n=501), using network-psychometrics. Specifically, we examined RF mean levels, RF-interrelations, RF-distress pathways, and their changes between age 14 and 17. Mean level changes were similar in both groups. CA+ had lower RFs and higher distress at both ages. Thus, CA does not inhibit RF changes but increases the risk of persistently lower RFs. At age 14, but not 17, the RFs of the CA+ group were less positively interrelated, suggesting that RFs enhance each other less than in the CA- group. The CA+ group had stronger negative RF-distress pathways, particularly at age 14, but those did not reduce distress to a similar mean level as in the CA- group. Most RF-interrelations and RF-distress pathways were stable, which may help explain why exposure to CA often has a lasting impact.