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Description: Background The failure of the pancreatic islets to maintain normal blood glucose concentrations is not observed in clinical manifestations until irreversible damage has occurred. There is no effective biomarker yet to predict type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single non-coding RNA molecules. And miRNAs play a vital role in inhibiting the translation of post-transcriptional mRNAs. Studies in recent years have revealed that these microparticles play an essential role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In addition, the presence of miRNAs in serum and plasma also provides a potential target for detecting disease markers. This study aims to investigate miR-204 in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Here we had collected 180 blood samples from 60 normal individuals, 60 patients with T2DM with a BMI of less than 30 and 60 patients with T2DM with a BMI of more than 30. The age of the subjects was 48-72 years . That's 85 males and 95 females. We used real-time Stem-loop PCR to detect miR-204 in the plasma of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Results: The results showed that plasma miR-204 levels were increased significantly in patients with T2DM in compared to normal individuals (P>0.001). Then we were also showed that serum miR-204 in Obese- T2DM groups were significantly higher than non-Obese- T2DM group. (2-sided Student’s t test P < 0.001). the results showed that there was no significant relationship between age and sex with miR-204 (P=0. 591 and 0.490 for age and sex, respectively). Our results showed that there was a statistical significant difference between BMI of all individuals with miR-204 expression. We showed that 56.1% of none obese individuals were low expression of miR-204 suggesting that increasing BMI leads to increasing level of miR-204 (P=0.001). Conclusion: The Measuring circulating miR-204 is provide a relatively simple and straight forward approach, making it attractive for potential wider clinical application. However, identifying miR-204 could provide the necessary sensitivity and specificity to be detected in T2D.