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Short Abstract: A 7-item measure was created to represent the most emphasized aspects of Positive Discipline, a type of parenting program based on Adlerian psychology. We examined the reliability and validity of this scale using an online internet sample, and a smaller community sample, with additional measures of parenting style and stress. Longer Abstract: Positive Discipline is a type of parenting program based on Adlerian psychology, which emphasizes encouragement and the need for both kindness and firmness in parenting children. In previous research, a 7-item measure was created to represent some of the most emphasized aspects of positive discipline parenting style. This measure, the Positive Discipline Parenting Scale (PDPS), was found to have a sustained increase following 7-week parenting workshops in a community sample. In this study, we examine the reliability and validity of the scale using an additional community sample (n=77), and an online internet sample (n=130). In the community sample, the participants are primarily Hispanic, low-income, and the majority Spanish speaking. In the internet sample, the participants are primarily white and all English speaking. Factor loadings were all above 0.4 in the internet sample and all but one above 0.4 in the community sample. Reliability was fair to moderate in the two samples. Additionally, two additional measures of parenting style were used to assess convergent and divergent validity with the concepts of Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive parenting style. The PDPS was positively correlated with Authoritative parenting across both samples, negatively correlated with Authoritarian parenting across both samples, and negatively correlated with permissive parenting in the community sample. In addition, a measure of parental stress and reward was assessed in both samples, and the PDPS was found to be positively correlated to parental reward, and negatively correlated to parental stress, in both samples. These results support the predicted convergent validity between the PDPS and traditional assessments of Authoritative parenting style, and also support the divergent validity between PDPS and Authoritarian parenting style, with mixed support for divergent validity between PDPS and permissive style. Correlations between parental stress and reward also support the construct validity of the measure. Reliability of the scale is moderate and suggests the measure may not be appropriate for diagnostic application, but could be useful for program evaluation or other field application, in working with Positive Discipline parenting programs.
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