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Description: Social inequality in Indonesia is a multidimensional issue rooted in unequal economic, political, and ideological structures. This study aims to analyze the relevance of Karl Marx’s thought in understanding the dynamics of contemporary social inequality in Indonesia, particularly in the context of rural development, local elite domination, and the emergence of new forms of exploitation within the digital economy. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and a literature review of relevant academic journals, the study finds that Marxist concepts such as relations of production, class domination, ideological hegemony, alienation, and false consciousness remain highly relevant in examining various forms of structural inequality in Indonesia. The analysis reveals that access to public resources, social services, and economic opportunities continues to be controlled by elite groups, both in local and digital contexts. Workers in informal and digital sectors face precarious working conditions with minimal protection, reflecting a new face of proletarianization. These findings affirm that inequality in Indonesia cannot be understood merely as an individual phenomenon but must be seen as a result of a social system that perpetuates class domination. This study recommends the need for structural reforms and the strengthening of critical consciousness through education, along with active community participation in monitoring development.