We used the visual world paradigm to investigate online processing of
verb and classifier constraints in L1 Vietnamese and L2 Vietnamese (L1
German) users. We tested whether L2 users process constraints that are
L2 specific like L1 users. L1 users used both verb and classifier
constraints to anticipate upcoming objects. Early German-Vietnamese
bilinguals also used both constraints for anticipation, but they showed
a bias towards objects that meet constraints of the German translation
equivalent of the Vietnamese verb. This suggests a potential L1 transfer
effect on anticipation even in highly proficient L2 users.