BACKGROUND
Preconception care is a set of interventions that are to be provided before pregnancy to promote safe motherhood and positive pregnancy experience and perinatal outcomes. It is also recognised as a window of opportunity to promote favourable and long-term maternal and child outcomes, and timely alter or eliminate risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Currently, guidelines and policies on preconception care are scarce, and health care starts when a woman becomes pregnant and continues until childbirth and the postpartum period. In instances, when the guidelines are available, implementation also varies particularly for adolescent and young mother. Research gaps exist in the continuum of care, i.e., maternal self-efficacy, nutrition security, mental health, and access to care for adolescent girls and women who are not pregnant.
Adolescence and youth are a natural extension of the pre-pregnancy phase of the life-course continuum. Therefore, pre-conception period offers an excellent opportunity to identify several health-risks and prevent adverse outcomes through designing preventive health interventions and strategies that promote maternal and child health.
Very few studies have been conducted on the preconception risk factors , and relatively little is known about the factors underlying the continued increase in these adverse outcomes. Moreover, despite the increased use of various preconception interventions (e.g., micronutrient supplementation, contraception education, smoking cessation), efforts to mitigate preconception risk factors fall short of their goal, particularly early in life, i.e., among adolescents and young women. Therefore, this project aims to systematically identify, map, and describe gaps in existing empirical evidence on preconception interventions implemented to improve the health and wellbeing of adolescents and young people (10-≤25 years of age) and their children.
OBJECTIVE
To identify, map, and describe the gaps in the existing empirical evidence on preconception health interventions implemented to improve the health and wellbeing of adolescents and young adults and their children
METHODS
We will undertake the evidence gap map (EGM) methodology to identify the gaps in existing evidence on preconception health interventions. EGM analysis visually presents the existing evidence, presenting types or interventions and outcomes evaluated. EGM is a very useful tool, widely used for identifying gaps in evidence and for policy decision-making. For the EGM exercise, Campbell’s checklist will be followed for reporting standards of the EGM
Searches:
A search strategy will be developed using keywords and medical subject heading (MeSH) terms on preconception interventions, adolescents, young adults, and outcomes. The searches will be limited to language and date, i.e., studies published in English and from 2010 onwards. We planned to search data from 2010 because WHO started a momentum to improve preconception health and address poor maternal and perinatal outcomes through stakeholder meetings across different regions worldwide. The following databases will be used to search the relevant papers: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; and Web of Science. All the systematic reviews will be cross-referenced to retrieve studies that would have been missed during the initial search
Screening and extraction:
All the studies identified from the databases will be imported to the COVIDENCE software,261 and two independent reviewers will screen the studies at the title/abstract and full-text stages after removing the duplicate studies. The senior reviewer will resolve any disagreements. The final list of included studies will be subject to forwarding and backward citation chaining to ensure no relevant eligible papers have been missed. A diagram showing the flow of literature will be produced and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Data will also be extracted in the framework matrix, and mapping will be done independently. Data will be extracted on study design, participants, study setting, intervention, comparison groups, and the outcome assessed.
Initially, we will search for systematic reviews on the topic. A separate search for primary studies will be conducted on the individual topics which did not have a published systematic review
Analysis approach:
EGM will be created on EPPI Reviewer software, in which we will use the 2D-intervention-outcome framework to provide a visual representation of evidence gaps in the literature related to the interventions implemented to improve preconception health. Key findings from the evidence map will also be reported narratively.
Grant:
HiPP EMCR; September 16th, 2022
Channel 7 and HDA
University of Adelaide