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Category: Data

Description: To validate the video manipulation, we conducted a separate validation study containing only the video messages and rating measures of four different leadership styles (opening, closing, ambidextrous, and transformational leadership). We used a sample of TurkPrime participants with an approval rate of more than 90% (Keith et al., 2017) from English-speaking countries, who were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions. This validation study was identical to the approach to validation adopted in Study 1, except that participants watched two video messages in each leadership condition.