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The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating health, social, economic, and mental health effects. Social distancing and self-isolation are great ways to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, isolation and not able to get assistance can have detrimental effects on child maltreatment and intimate partner violence (IPV). The isolation caused by the pandemic, shelter-at-home directives, and school and service closures has created a situation where parents have more time with children and less respite and support from others, causing increased stress on parents; parents become more easily frustrated with their children as they balance work and maintaining their child’s behavior. Moreover, social isolation can exacerbate factors such as emotional attachment, financial dependence, and fear that separation would further harm children, which can lead to increased occurrence of IPV. Recent studies analyzing data from government and other domestic violence agencies demonstrate increased reporting of domestic violence to infer that it is due to the COVID-19 social isolation. The purpose of the present study is to examine if there is a surge in self-report child maltreatment and IPV before and during the peak of social isolation. We collected two samples at different times to determine changing trends in maltreatment and abuse during the pandemic. In the first sample, 562 participants completed a survey on March 24, 2020 via Prolific. In the second sample, 380 participants were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk between June 5, 2020 to June 14, 2020. In both samples, participants responded to numerous questionnaires measuring child maltreatment and IPV. Parental discipline and neglect were measured with a 6-item yes/no scale measuring frequency of discipline behaviors. The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales were used to assess risk for verbal aggression and physical abuse. Participants were also asked 6-items regarding spouse/partner conflicts over the past two weeks. Comparisons of the two surveys were alarming as they showed an overall increase in the frequency of disagreements/fights between spouses/partners as well as increased child maltreatment practices among parents. Key differences in spouse/partner conflicts included a 34.7% increase in physical fights, a 25.94% increase in verbal fights, and a 15.1% increase in disagreements. Moreover, parents reported increased physical punishment and verbal aggression towards children. Such that, 48.49% increased spanking, 50.24% increased slapping, 12.86% increased yelling, and 55.88% increase in calling children negative names. Parents also reported spanking (24.33%), yelling (26.95%), and having conflicts with their child (16.34%) more than usual. These findings are alarming as they showed an overall increase in the frequency of verbal and physical abuse between spouses/partners as well as an increase in child maltreatment (verbal and physical punishment) among parents. There is an immediate need to encourage the reporting of maltreatment cases and virtual forms of training programs should be adopted for interventions. Virtual parental support measures can also reduce child abuse and neglect. Financial support for families at risk and for those who are the most vulnerable can be crucial during this pandemic.
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