This dataset contains measures of land cover (e.g., low-, medium-, or high-density development, forest, wetland, open water) and Tree Canopy derived from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and aggregated by US census tract. Land cover is measured as a percentage of all land within the tract. Tracts include mainland US (i.e., Alaska and Hawaii are not included). Land cover and tree canopy measures are derived from the National Land Cover Database (https://www.mrlc.gov/data). Measures provided here use the 2019 iteration of 2016 data. Shapefiles for census tracts were obtained from the US Census bureau TIGER/Line shapefiles for 2010 (https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/geo/shapefiles/index.php). These data were processed to be linked to Curated Release 5.0 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The data dictionary for those variables is also included. Code for processing these raster files is provided and can be adapted for other years or areal units.