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Lay evaluations of police and civilian use of force: Action severity scales
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Description: We report public perceptions of moral and physical severity for a set of police and civilian forceful actions that are representative of the complete range of force options, from polite dialogue to lethal force. Our results reveal that non-expert perceptions of police and civilian violence are quite different from official police use-of-force policies. Our results also provide researchers with a unique tool and foundation for future investigations into discrepancies between non-expert evaluations and legal models of legitimate use of force.