We recruited respondents using multiple offline and online strategies; through advertisements, community centers, gatekeepers, schools, and snowballing. Recruitment flyers asked respondents: “Are you between 16 and 20 years old and did you (partly) grow up without your father at home?” and provided researcher contact details. When potential respondents contacted the researcher, we provided them with an information letter and informed consent form and invited them for the interview at a place of their choice. Most interviews took place in a café or at the respondent’s home. All respondents gave their written consent to participate. Respondents were included into the study when they had grown up without their biological father present at some point before the age of 8, an often-proposed age cut-off (see, for example, Gaydosh et al., 2018). Father absence had to be due to separation or divorce of the parents and not due to, for instance, paternal death or labor migration. We initially sought to only recruit respondents between 16 and 20 years old, whose grandparents had also been born on Curaçao and in the Netherlands alternatively, but these criteria hampered recruitment too much and were loosened. Each interviewed young adult received 20 Antillean Guilders (Curaçao) or €10 (the Netherlands currency approximately equivalent to US$12) cash compensation. Inclusion in the study started in the spring of 2018 and lasted for 1 year. The first author interviewed all but two Dutch respondents, and trained six Curaçaoan and three Curaçaoan-Dutch interviewers to conduct the interviews with Curaçaoan respondents on Curaçao, and Curaçaoan-Dutch respondents in the Netherlands. Since all Curaçaoan and Curaçaoan-Dutch interviewers were fluent in both Dutch and Papiamentu, we evaluated and adjusted the interview questions during interview trainings and pilot interviews to ensure cross-cultural equivalence as much as possible. Interview duration was between 16 and 121 minutes, with an average of 50 minutes. Curaçaoan interviews lasted on average 37 minutes, Curaçaoan-Dutch interviews lasted on average 55 minutes, and Dutch interviews lasted on average 62 minutes. Interviews consisted of three sections and started with questions on place and year of birth, parents’ highest completed level of education and work situation/level, and participants’ household composition from age 1 to 15 to assess whether and when participants cohabited with their biological parents and potential other (family) members. Next, we asked participants to describe their absent biological father by asking, “What kind of person is/was your father?” We continued with questions about their bond with him (i.e., “What is the contact/bond between you and your father like?” and “What do you think of this contact/bond?”) and the upbringing by him (i.e., “How would you describe the upbringing by your father?” and “What do you think of this upbringing?”). We asked the same questions with respect to the biological mother. We also asked participants what it was like for them to grow up without their biological father, what they think of themselves growing up without him, and the potential role others played in their upbringing. Finally, we asked additional background questions about participants’ ethnic identity and network, their school experiences, and, if applicable, their migration history.