This component contains documentation of the project's exploration of dairy systems’ complexities in the four countries. Exploration includes main elements, such as farms, processing, retail, consumers and policy supported by the dairy system transformation framework. It will also include information pertaining to leverage point identification and barriers to establish more efficient and circular use of resources whilst seeking to reduce GHG emissions. A map interconnections, impacts and consequences of climate-smart innovations across the dairy system in the four countries (i.e. four case studies) is also included.