**Study Information**
This study aims to gather insights from the public about interventions and education surrounding psychological abuse. The study wishes to specifically explore the experiences and perceptions of Black women and practitioners. Participants will be asked to reflect on their experiences of learning about intimate partner psychological abuse or their awareness of interventions and education surrounding emotional abuse. Results from this survey will support the development of recommendations to improve teaching and interventions available to Black adolescent girls in England.
Aim 1: To collect insights from Black women and relevant professionals (such as teachers, social workers, youth workers and practitioners who specifically work with women or teenagers who experience abuse) about the current landscape of education and interventions surrounding intimate partner emotional abuse and how they serve Black girls, Black women, and Black communities.
Aim 2: To gather insights into the potential gaps and improvements needed in current emotional abuse interventions to better serve Black girls, Black women, and Black communities.
**Research question(s)**
What gaps are there in interventions available to reduce, educate or support Black adolescent girls in England regarding intimate partner psychological abuse?
**Anticipated Duration**
The project is anticipated to run from May 2022 until April 2023.
**Study design**
The proposed study will use mixed methods, including focus groups, interviews, and surveys. Using different data collection strategies complements one another by creating opportunities to gather headline data from a large sample and more detailed insights from women and practitioners. The use of mixed methods will contribute to the achievement of the study aims, as each aspect will add to a picture of the current landscape of interventions available and perceptions on quality, gaps, and areas of improvement in interventions.
Using focus groups, interviews and surveying with Black women and relevant professionals (such as teachers, social workers, youth workers and practitioners who specifically work with women or girls who experience abuse), participants will be invited to share their:
• Experiences of learning about intimate partner psychological abuse during adolescence
• Experiences of accessing, providing, or observing relevant interventions
• Perceptions of the effectiveness, strengths and weaknesses of existing interventions and education
• Insights into what they believe are the remaining gaps in interventions that could exist to A) better support Black girls who experience psychological abuse and B) reduce the number of Black girls in England who experience repeated abuse.
**Sampling and case selection strategy**
Convenience and snowball sampling approaches will be used to acquire the sample. Recruitment will largely be through online advertisement (social media, messaging boards, newsletters) and will be promoted by both the researcher and organisations willing to share the advert.
**Data Collection**
Primary data will be collected for this research. Data will be gathered from Black women and relevant professionals through the research methods stated above (surveys, focus groups and interviews). Literature (secondary data) about existing interventions will also be presented within a literature review related to the research.
Data collected will take the form of both qualitative and quantitative data, including survey responses and anonymised transcriptions of focus groups and interviews. The researcher will also have access to video and audio recordings of all focus groups and interviews; however, this data will not be publicly shared and is solely created for transcription creation.
**Data collection tools, instruments or plans**
A thirteen-question 14-minute online survey has been developed using Qualtrics, asking participants (Black women) closed and opened questions about their experiences and perceptions of learning about intimate partner PA.
An example of closed questions is, “Think back to when you were an adolescent. If you had general questions about psychological abuse in intimate relationships, would you have felt comfortable talking to any of the following people about this?” participants are then presented with a range of responses such as ‘A teacher in my school/college, Parent or carer, Sibling, Police, A healthcare professional’. Participants are asked to respond with Yes/No/Not Sure/Not Applicable for each response. An example of an open question featured in this survey is ‘Feel free to tell us more about your experience(s) of learning about psychological abuse in intimate relationships whilst in school/college in England?’
Two 3-part semi-structured focus group schedules (Black women's version and professional's version) and two 4-part semi-structured interview schedules (Black women's version and professional's version) were created.
**Stopping criteria**
Data collection will cease when the desired number of participants is met for each sample group or when the final research approval date is met (30th April 2023).
**Analysis Plan**
A new dataset will be created as part of this research. There are no existing datasets that are suitable to extract the required data. Existing and third-party data will not be used; however, published research results will be referred to and cited within literature reviews. Creating a UK dataset on Black women’s experiences of psychological abuse will significantly contribute to the research over and above the substantive findings from the study.
Data will be collected from approximately 300 participants across the study. Personal demographic data from participants, including age, gender, race, length of time in England, occupation, sexuality, and level of education, will be collected using demographic surveys. Data will be collected in response to each research question using focus groups, surveys and interviews. The PGR will design suitable research instruments under guidance and approval from an experienced supervisory team. Supervisors will confirm that the data collection instruments are high-quality, ensuring appropriate tools are used to yield data to meet the study’s aims and objectives. This way, the study will produce scientifically robust data that other researchers can re-use.
All data (excluding individual personal demographic data) will be of long-term value and remain accessible for at least ten years.
Data from each study will form a test of association. Data will be analysed using SPSS and NVIVO statistics software. Qualitative data will be coded to generate quantitative and thematic outputs. A minimum probability level of p=0.05 (95% significance) will be deployed. Each study's analysis and results will be presented at the expected level for academic journal articles, using APA referencing style.
The researcher, Natalie A. Russell, will conduct the data analysis using SPSS and NVivo. The qualitative data analysis process will involve 1) the researcher familiarizing themselves with the data (reading survey responses and focus group transcripts), 2) generating initial codes (ideas or concepts that are being repeated within and between participants), 3) generating an initial list of themes (usually conceptually more broad/abstract than themes), 4) reviewing the themes to determine if they appropriately capture the nature of the data and are sufficiently related to the research questions, 5) defining and naming the themes (using codes and extracts from participant responses), and finally, 6) writing up the analysis in a report.
**Miscellaneous**
I (Natalie A. Russell) identify as a Black British woman. I experienced abuse during an intimate adolescent relationship. This means that I hold memories and live with the impacts of a lived experience directly related to the current research.
I (PGR - Natalie Russell) work on a freelance basis with Safe Lives as an Associate researcher. My role includes data analysis and support in conducting other research. No part of my work with safe lives relates directly to my research.
Safe Lives agreed to share my research advertisement via social media. Safe lives have also provided ad-hoc consultancy on my final research materials, as their expertise as a research charity put them in a valued position to help me to improve my research materials (e.g. the wording of questions and structure of scales).