A rise in antibiotic resistance in recent years has garnered increasing scientific focus and public concern. A potential contributing factor to this rise in antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria is the improper administration and application of antibiotics. In particular, the prescription of antibiotics in instances of viral infection, such as for influenza cases, may be contributing to selective pressure for the development of antibiotic resistance. A recent study focusing on a historical cohort of licensed Quebec physicians noted that inappropriate prescription of antibiotics was significantly correlated with high-volume practices, internationally trained physicians, and those physicians who had been practicing for a longer duration (Cadieux et al., 2007). This study highlights how differences in training may negatively impact proper administration of antibiotics as well as how high-volume practices and demand on staff may lead to short-cuts and improper diagnoses/treatment. In examining the link between antibiotic prescription and respiratory tract infections, a longitudinal study of European outpatient clinics noted a seasonal variation in antibiotic prescription (Goossens et al., 2005). Specifically, a peak in antibiotic prescription was noted during the winter months and this association was exacerbated among countries with higher antibiotic use rates year-round (Goossens et al., 2005). The researchers postulated that this association may be the result of misdiagnoses of cold and influenza cases and subsequent improper prescription of antibiotics. Akkerman et al. (2004) also investigated the link between antibiotic prescription and respiratory tract infections with a focus on prescription patterns based on patient age. Data from 80 practices in the Netherlands over the course of one year was used to analyze patterns between age, antibiotic prescription, and physician visits for respiratory tract infections. These researchers observed that while children <5 years of age and elderly >75 years of age visited physicians most frequently they did not have high prescription rates as compared to other patients (Akkerman et al., 2004). A decline in antibiotic use among children was observed in a British Columbia, Canada study by Marra et al. (2006). Despite an overall decline in antibiotic use among study subjects aged <15 years the researchers did note an increase in the prescription of second-generation macrolides, such as azithromycin (Marra et al., 2006). The administration of these macrolides was in response to upper respiratory tract infections thus indicating this increased use of second-generation macrolides may be improper and in response to viral as opposed to bacterial infections (Marra et al., 2006). These studies highlight the need for increased research to determine potential predictors of antibiotic use. This may enable an improved understanding of the rational surrounding antibiotic prescription and the potential for inappropriate administration in instances of viral infection. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to assess Canadian community-level predictors, such as socioeconomic, demographic, and health based predictors, in association with the use of the antibiotic azithromycin. It is hypothesized that age, density of health care workers in the community, and H1N1 influenza-level will be significant predictors of azithromycin use. Specifically, it is expected that communities with a high percentage of under 5 year olds will be positively correlated with azithromycin use as will communities with a high percentage of over 65 year olds. It is expected that azithromycin use will have a quadratic relationship with density of health care workers in a community, such that increased antibiotic use is anticipated in communities with a low density of health care workers and those with a high density of health care workers. Finally, azithromycin consumption is expected to increase accordingly with increased H1N1 influenza-levels as antibiotics may be increasingly improperly prescribed for these viral infections.