The procedure will follow the specifications in the approved protocol (note that the control task was changed from listing states and capitals to countries and capitals, as was the reminder given at 3 minutes so it could given to participants in either condition). The video and lineup will be presented on the computer display. All instructions and responses will be on paper forms. Participants will be tested individually in two small testing rooms in our lab. The participants will not be able to see or hear each other during testing. Participants will be randomly assigned to conditions, with the constraint that at least 50 are assigned to each condition. This will be done using the pseudo-random numbers generated with the Apple spreadsheet application Numbers using the RAND() function. The participants will be student volunteers at Niagara University. With the permission of instructors, experiment signup sheets for the “Perception and Memory Study” will be circulated in classes. I expect the demographics of our participants will be similar to the student volunteers tested in a recent study in our lab (75% female, 95% between 18 and 25 years of age, 90% White). Participants will complete demographics questions at the end of the study where they will report their sex, age, ethnicity, and vision. We will test all students who volunteer for the study, but will base our analysis only on the first 100 who meet all study criteria (White undergraduates, 18-25 years old, 20% to 80% female, understand instructions, adequate vision to see video and lineup). In addition to the above criteria, data will be excluded using these criteria from the approved protocol: (a) not following instructions, (b) no completing all tasks, (c) experimenter administers instructions or task incorrectly. I anticipate that excluded participants will be fairly evenly divided between the two conditions. To make up for excluded participants, additional participants will continue to be randomly assigned to one of the two conditions until at least 50 are tested in each group. All participants will receive the following instructions for viewing the video: This experiment consists of several tasks. First, please pay close attention to the following video. Next, all participants are given 5 minutes to complete either the description task or the control task (list countries and capitals). Participants in the description condition will received a form with these instructions: Please describe the appearance of the bank robber in as much detail as possible. It is important that you attempt to describe all of his different facial features. Please write down everything that you can think of regarding the bank robberʼs appearance. It is important that you try to describe him for the full 5 minutes. Participants in the control condition will receive a form with these instructions: Please name as many countries and their capitals as you can. After 3 minutes all participants are read this reminder: Please continue with your task. It is important that you continue working for the full 5 minutes to provide as complete an answer as possible. Next, participants complete the provided crossword puzzle, and are given 20 minutes for this task. Participants then view the lineup. The instructions for that task are: Next you will see a lineup with 8 faces. Please identify the individual in the line up who you believe was the bank robber in the video you watched earlier. If you do not believe the bank robber is present please indicate ʻnot present.’ After a decision is made, participants will receive these instructions for rating confidence: Please indicate your confidence in your selection from the lineup on a scale 
from 1 (guessing) to 7 (certain). At the end of the study, participants will answer questions about their age, sex, ethnicity, and vision. The ethnicity question asks participants to choose from the following categories: American Indian or Alaskan Native; Asian; Black, not of Hispanic origin; Hispanic; Pacific Islander; White, not of Hispanic origin; Other. The vision question asks participants to indicate (a) whether their vision is normal, corrected to normal, or other, and (b) whether they could see the video and lineup clearly (yes or no).