**Measurement Properties of Device-based Physical Activity Instruments in Ambulatory Adults with Physical Disabilities and/or Chronic Diseases: a scoping review** ------------------------------------------------------------------------ PICO: ----- **P** = Adults (>18y), with a physical disability and/or chronic disease (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disease, and neuromuscular disease) *Physical disability*: a congenital disease, acquired illness, or trauma that causes an impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction that lasts at least 1 year (Liou et al. 2005 combined with ICF model) *Chronic disease*: chronic diseases are defined broadly as conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both (NCCDPHP) **I** = Device-based or self-report measurement instrument that assess the contruct physical *Physical activity*: any bodily movement produced by the muscles that results in increased energy expenditure (Caspersen et al. 1985) *Device-based PA measurement instrument*: accelerometer, pedometer, multisensory devices (e.g. accelerometer combined with heartrate) *Self-report measurement instrument*: Questionnaire, diary measuring energy expenditure, MET, time spent physically active, time spent in different activity modalities etc. **C** = none **O** = Measurement properties *Validity*: Content validity, criterion validity (e.g. sensitivity and specificity, ROC, Kappa, Spearman’s or Pearson’s r, Bland-Altman limits of agreement, ICC), construct validity (e.g. factor analysis). *Reliability*: e.g. Cohen’s kappa, ICC, Cronbach’s alpha, Bland-Altman plots *Responsiveness*: e.g. e.g. sensitivity and specificity, ROC, Kappa, Spearman’s or Pearson’s r, Bland-Altman limits of agreement, ICC Search strategy See appendix 1 Databases: - Pubmed - EMBASE - CINAHL - Web of Science Overall selection criteria: --------------------------- Inclusion criteria: 1. Participants are 18 years or older 2. Participants have a physical disability or chronic disease which is a primary reason for rehabilitation treatment. See list for physical disabilities and chronic diseases which can be included o A cardiovascular disease, such as arteriosclerosis, claudication, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, heart attack o Cancer o A respiratory disease such as Asthma, COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema o A musculoskeletal disease/disability such as arthritis, amputation, fibromyalgia, osteoporosis, lower back pain, spondylarthritis, ALS, SMA o Neurological or neuromuscular disease such as SCI, Parkinson’s disease, CVA, stroke, MS, spina bifida, CP, chronic fatigue syndrome o Wheelchair dependent 3. Physical activity is measured a. The measured physical activity should be an amount or energy cost (e.g. step-count, counts, energy expenditure, MET, time spent physically active, time spent in different activity modalities) 4. Validity, reliability or responsiveness study, meaning that a. Data on one of these constructs should be available b. A comparison made with a criterion measure or gold standard for criterion validity outcomes c. A comparison with itself for reliability outcomes d. A comparison of the change score with a criterion measure or gold standard for responsiveness outcomes 5. Study type: peer-reviewed articles describing primary research 6. Full text available Exclusion criteria: 1. Studies not in humans 2. People with an intellectual disability, sensory disability (e.g. visual or auditory), cognitive disability (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease), mental disability (e.g. depression) 3. Studies measuring functional or performance outcomes (e.g. gait characteristics, walking ability) 4. Case studies, protocol articles, intervention studies not considering validity, reliability or responsiveness 5. Articles not in English or Dutch Checklists: ----------- See appendix 2 Data extraction --------------- Data will be extracted from the included studies by two assessors independently. Extracted information will include: - Publication data (e.g. authors, year of publication) - Study setting (e.g. free-living/field or lab setting) - Sample size - Description of study population (age, gender, type of disease) - Descriptions of measurement instrument o Objective instruments  Manufacturer  Type (pedometer, accelerometer ect)  Body placement  Epoch length  Unit of measurement (steps, counts, energy expenditure, MET, time spent physically active) o Subjective instruments  Type (questionnaire, diary)  Unit of measurement (energy expenditure, MET, time spent physically active) - Description of criterion measure o Type o Unit of measurement - Results