Date created: 2023-05-02 08:04 AM | Last Updated: 2025-02-22 04:59 PM

Category: Project

Description: Little is known about the interplay between the language of operation and gender stereotype processing. Here, Polish–English (L1–L2) male and female bilinguals made meaningfulness judgments on L1 and L2 stereotypically congruent and incongruent as well as semantically correct incorrect sentences. The results showed gender- and language-dependent modulations by sentence type within both N400 and Late Positive Complex (LPC) time frames. In females, semantically correct sentences converged with both stereotypically congruent and incongruent conditions in both L1 and L2, indicating a deep-rooted internalization of gender stereotype-laden linguistic information among females. Conversely, males displayed such a heightened gender-stereotypical bias only in L1. In L2, however, they exhibited a reduced sensitivity to gender stereotypes, whereby semantically incorrect sentences converged with both stereotypically congruent and incongruent conditions in the N400 time window, and with stereotypically incongruent sentences in the LPC time window. This suggests a reduced internalization of gender stereotype knowledge among males in L2, extending the foreign language effect to the context of bilingual gender stereotype processing.