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Description: Part research outcomes from TIPD at https://osf.io/e4rvz/ 1_CopyLeft(L) 2013-2024, Council of Indigenous Peoples (https://www.cip.gov.tw/), Taiwan. 2_Acknowledgement: The reserach outcomes are part of research outcomes from TIPD research program (https://osf.io/e4rvz/), which is mainly supported by Council of Indigenous Peoples, and partly by National Science and Technology Council & Academia Sinica, Taiwan. 3_誌謝：本計畫是"台灣原住民基礎開放研究資料庫" (TIPD, https://osf.io/e4rvz/)之部分成果，主要由原住民族委員會支援研究經費，部分經費來科技部計畫和中央研究院。 《當代台灣原住民族：堅毅不屈，燦爛花開》 1940年至2000年間，台灣原住民族資料變的相當稀缺，這不僅使得台灣原住民各類發展被邊緣化，亦使原住民在台灣逐漸”被消失”。2000年戶口及住宅普查再度恢復原住民普查是為重大里程碑，但2010年後台灣實質人口普查已不復存在，陳年問題依舊無解。為解決原住民基礎資料缺乏問題，原住民族委員會自2013 ~ 2022計十年，不預設立場及充份尊重學術專業獨立及自主性，給與研究計畫支持。感謝十年研究期間三位主任委員支持：孫大川(計畫推動者)、林江義、及夷將.拔路兒。計畫實際執行期間，行政支援及協調最大貢獻者，為原民會綜合規劃處王瑞盈前處長，若無他專業支援及豐富行政經驗，本計畫實難以順利進行，研究團隊在這裡公開對王前處長表示衷心感謝。 計畫主持人亦感謝共同主持人李明政教授，兩人十年合作的默契及情誼。這十年期間，原民會在研究經費、資料、計算機硬體設備、及行政給予大力協助，國科會亦給予多年期研究經費支持，使研究團隊終能放手一博，不再受限資料及計算設備匱乏限制。主持人在2013年已深知這是非常難得機會，錯過將不復返，因此這十年期間全心投入，以科學計算技術和資料科學學理，運用高效能及超級運算設備，全力投入原住民基礎研究，建立各類大型開放資料庫，且不設任何限制開放供國內外自由使用(參考TIPD: 台灣原住民基礎開放研究資料庫 https://osf.io/e4rvz/)。 這研究採用的方法及技術非常先進，成果早已受到國際重要學研單位注意。國際著名＂開放科學研究中心＂ (COS， Center for Open Science，參考 https://www.cos.io/ 及簡介 https://www.cos.io/about )，主動連繫及邀請主持人進行視訊專訪，訪談內容是有關當代台灣原住民及原住民基礎開放研究資料庫之研究緣起、過程、方法、影響、未來發展，及過去15年，及研究如何用開放資料、開放科學、及科學計算，使＂瀕臨消失＂被邊緣化的台灣原住民，如何重新浮上抬面及成為顯性人口。COS將訪談內容整理以文字稿公布，閱讀者為全球專家，因此影響深遠，訪問稿原文連結網址如下：https://www.cos.io/blog/taiwan-indigenous-peoples?hs_preview=QUOrJLoo-176808682520 COS設計及完成之＂開放科學架構＂(OSF， Open Science Framework， 參考 https://osf.io/ )，目前是全球研究計畫最大註冊中心，超過60萬全球研究人員在此登記註冊。放在OSF的TIPD就是COS最重要架構，目前已是全球最大開放科學及研究計晝註冊單位，影響力相當大。2013計晝剛開始時，COS也才剛成立，OSF架構亦在草創階段，2015年初我決定將都原計晝重要產出TIPD放在OSF時，當時全球也才只有五百多個研究計晝放在OSF公開；主持人在OSF草創階段，以TIPD放在OSF之經驗，至少有四年時間主持人亦同時幫OSF提出架構如何改善及建議，和OSF合作密切，所以他們也深知原民會支持之研究計晝和TIPD研究通程，TIPD和OSF可謂是同步成長。 十年尚難磨一劍，完成基礎研究及克服核心問題後，真正重頭戲才要開始。很榮幸及欣慰能再次將台灣原住民，全面推向國際舞台！ Related Projects: 1.Lin, Ji-Ping, Ming-Cheng Lee, Hiu Ha Chong, Li-Chuan Liu, Kui Kasirisir, and HSIN-CHUNG WANG. 2024. “TIPD : Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Open Research Data 台灣原住民基礎開放研究資料庫.” OSF https://osf.io/e4rvz/. May 8. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/E4RVZ. 2.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TPDD : Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Population Dynamics Open Data 台灣原住民族人口動態開放資料.” OSF https://osf.io/ukjgs/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/UKJGS. 3.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TMDT: Taiwan Indigenous Peoples’ Multidimensional Table Data 台灣原住民族多維表資料庫.” OSF https://osf.io/a23ec/ . May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/A23EC. 4.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TICT: Taiwan Indigenous Peoples’ Contingency Tables 台灣原住民族基礎列聯表.” OSF https://osf.io/9nrwd/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/9NRWD. 5.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TIHD: Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Household Structure Open Data 台灣原住民族家戶結構基礎開放資料庫.” OSF https://osf.io/zbwek. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/ZBWEK. 6.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TICD : Taiwan Indigenous Communities Open Data 台灣原住民族部落開放資料庫.” OSF https://osf.io/esw67/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/ESW67. 7.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “iqTICD : Integrated Query System of Taiwan Indigenous Community Open Data 台灣原住民族部落開放資料庫綜合查詢系統.” OSF https://osf.io/rfe6p/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/RFE6P. 8.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TIHV : Taiwan Indigenous People’s High-Resolution Visualization of Population Distribution, Migration Dynamics, Traditional Communities by Ethnic Groups 當代台灣原住民高解析度視覺化圖形資料庫：人口分布、遷徙、傳統部落.” OSF https://osf.io/v8zk3/. May 8. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/V8ZK3. 9.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TIMD : Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Migration Dynamics 台灣原住民各族群遷徙動態.” OSF https://osf.io/6rpz9/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/6RPZ9. 10. Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “iqTICD on Google: Taiwan Indigenous Communities Open Data Query System on Google 台灣原住民族部落開放資料庫Google綜合查詢系統.” Google https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1M6FE6vKd212udjTvvWmFsaKavB_3TpF7&ll=23.678779780141927%2C120.89717315782033&z=6 Abstract Research question: Migration studies have confirmed that migrants are associated with higher lifetime gains and social mobility than non-migrants. As hard-to-reach population, although Taiwan indigenous peoples (TIPs) are much more migratory than the ordinary people, it is contradictory to see that poverty and inequality remain persistent and prevalent among TIPs. Data and methodology: The research utilizes record linkage and geocoding methods to build anonymized open data of population dynamics, based on household register from 2013 to 2018. Using this longitudinally linked data, the research unveils the entangled features of population dynamics in TIPs. With a focus on the effects of income inequality, the research explores migration dynamics in primary, return, and onward migrations in the context of regional inequality. Main research findings: (1) migration of TIPs is characterized by migration between areas of high income-high inequality and areas of low income-low inequality; (2) TIPs are much more migratory in areas of high income-high inequality than in areas of low income-low inequality; inequality in wealthy areas outweighs income in triggering migration, but migration in areas with high poverty and low inequality is triggered by low income gain; (3) repeat migration, particularly the return type, is characterized by a net gain of migrants moving from low poverty but high inequality areas into areas with high poverty but low inequality; (4) Onward migration of TIPs counters existing findings. The main reason why migration is less likely to promote TIPs social mobility is due to weak ethnic and socioeconomic connections between TIPs and non-TIPs population. Keywords: Hard-to-reach population. Indigenous peoples. Inequality. Migration dynamics. Open data. Population dynamics. Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere appreciation to Mr. Ruey-Ying Wang for his decade-long administrative assistance and promotion in this research program. We acknowledge excellent research assistance from Ms. Ya-Sen Sun. Author contributions JPL serves as research PI who contributes to research conception, design, building open data and repository, and analysis. MCL serves as research co-PI who contributes to research conception, design, material preparation, and quality checking. CYK, HCW, CCL, and CYL serve as research coordinator who contributes to material preparation and quality checking. Manuscripts are written by JPL, and other coauthors collaborate to improve manuscript preparation and quality checks. JPL submits the final manuscript. Funding The research is mainly supported by grants of “Research on Contemporary Taiwan Indigenous Peoples” from Council of Indigenous Peoples in 2013-2022. The research is also granted by National Science and Technology Council, grant numbers: MOST 106-2420-H-001-008-MY2; MOST 106-2420-H-156-001-MY2; MOST 109-2420-H-001-003; MOST 109-2420-H-156-001; NSTC 112-2410-H-001-075-MY2. We appreciate some research grants from Academia Sinica. Data availability The research complies with main principles of open science: open data, open source, open methods, and open access. The authors report that research data, computing codes, and supplementary information are openly available without restrictions in Open Science Framework (OSF https://osf.io/) at https://osf.io/bs39t/. The license of research data and computing codes is GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 3.0. Code availability See “Data availability” Supplementary information See “Data availability” Declarations Ethical approval Ethic approvals were granted by Council of Indigenous Peoples (CIP), National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Academia Sinica (AS). The research was conducted in accordance with the guidelines provided by CIP, NSCT, and AS. Competing interests The authors report there are no competing financial or non-financial interests to declare.