Lotte Meteyard & Rob Davies: Best pratice guidance for linear mixed effects models in psychological science. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Please go to Files to access the appendices, example tables, data and example coding script (for R). Meteyard, L., & Davies, R. A. (2020). Best practice guidance for linear mixed-effects models in psychological science. Journal of Memory and Language, 112, 104092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2020.104092 The original preprint is at https://psyarxiv.com/h3duq. The manuscript published in the Journal of Memory and Language is a revised, extended and improved version of the preprint. This work was supported by a British Academy Skill Acquisition Grant SQ120069 and University of Reading 2020 Research Fellowship to Lotte Meteyard. Abstract -------- The use of Linear Mixed-effects Models (LMMs) is set to dominate statistical analyses in psychological science and may become the default approach to analyzing quantitative data. The rapid growth in adoption of LMMs has been matched by a proliferation of differences in practice. Unless this diversity is recognized, and checked, the field shall reap enormous difficulties in the future when attempts are made to consolidate or synthesize research findings. Here we examine this diversity using two methods - a survey of researchers (n=163) and a quasi-systematic review of papers using LMMs (n=400). The survey reveals substantive concerns among psychologists using or planning to use LMMs and an absence of agreed standards. The review of papers complements the survey, showing variation in how the models are built, how effects are evaluated and, most worryingly, how models are reported. Using these data as our departure point, we present a set of best practice guidance, focusing on the reporting of LMMs. It is the authors' intention that the paper supports a step-change in the reporting of LMMs across the psychological sciences, preventing a trajectory in which findings reported today cannot be transparently understood and used tomorrow.