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Description: Does the relationship between cost and kindness depend on the (familiarity of the) recipient? In the present study participants (n=291) rated the cost, benefit, kindness and likelihood of performing each of 15 acts, to either a family member, someone, or a stranger. Analysis using mixed models showed that benefit was a strong and significant predictor of kindness, for all ages and recipients. However, cost was a negligible and non-significant predictor. Among adults, contrary to our prediction, there was no significant difference between the effect of cost on kindness of acts to family and strangers; the estimates for family and stranger were both significantly higher than for someone; and the effect for someone was negative. Hence the results did not replicate the previous finding that cost is a predictor of kindness of acts to familiar recipients (family) but not unfamiliar recipients (strangers).