We investigated the contribution of bilinguals' form-meaning vocabulary knowledge to their item accuracy on LexMAL (Lee et al., submitted), a yes/no vocabulary test that assesses L1 and L2 Malay proficiency. Four vocabulary tests were developed to assess bilinguals’ knowledge of meaning recognition, form recognition, meaning recall, and form recall. Fixed-effects hierarchical regression analysis showed that 60% of the variance in the LexMAL score was explained by the accuracy of Meaning Recognition, Form Recognition, and Meaning Recall tests.
The development of the form-meaning vocabulary tests is described in Lee, van Heuven, Price, & Leong (submitted).