# Of Two Minds: A registered replication Frederik Aust^†,1,9, Tobias Heycke^†,1,2, Mahzarin R. Banaji³, Jeremy Cone⁸, Pieter Van Dessel⁵, Melissa J. Ferguson¹⁰, Xiaoqing Hu⁶, Congjiao Jiang⁴, Benedek Kurdi^3,10, Robert Rydell⁷, Lisa Spitzer¹, Christoph Stahl¹, Christine Vitiello⁴, & Jan De Houwer⁵ ¹ University of Cologne ² GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences ³ Harvard University ⁴ University of Florida ⁵ Ghent University ⁶ The University of Hong Kong ⁷ Indiana University ⁸ Williams College ⁹ University of Amsterdam ¹⁰ Yale University ^† Frederik Aust and Tobias Heycke contributed equally to this work. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Several dual-process theories of evaluative learning posit two distinct implicit (or automatic) and explicit (or controlled) evaluative learning processes. As such, one may like a person explicitly but simultaneously dislike them implicitly. Dissociations between direct measures (e.g., Likert scales), reflecting explicit evaluations, and indirect measures (e.g., Implicit Association Test), reflecting implicit evaluations, support this claim. Rydell et al. (2006) found a striking dissociation when they brief flashed either positive or negative words prior to presenting a photograph of a person was with behavioral information of the opposite valence was presented: IAT scores reflected the valence of the flashed words whereas rating scores reflected the opposite valence of the behavioral information. A recent study, however, suggests that this finding may not be replicable. Given its theoretical importance, we report two new replication attempts (n = 153 recruited in Belgium, Germany and the USA; n = TBD recruited in Hong Kong and the USA). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This repository research products associated with the publication. We provide the experimental software and stimulus material that we are permitted to share in the `material` directories of each experiment (e.g. `otm1` or `otm2`). The R Markdown files in the `paper` directory contain details of how all the analyses reported in the paper were conducted, as well as instructions on how to rerun the analysis to reproduce the results. With the help of the R package `papaja` the files can be rendered into the accepted version of the manuscript in `PDF`-format. The `results/data_raw` directories contain all the raw data; merged and processed data files can be found in `results/data_processed`. The preregistration document for Experiment 1 is provided in `otm1/preregistration`. ## Data Data were collected at various locations (see paper). | Study | Data collection period | |--------------|------------------------| | `otm1` | | | `otm2pilot` | | | `otm2pilot2` | | For a description of all data sets and all variables, please see the file `codebook.md` in this folder. ## Software requirements ### Experimental software The experiment was programmed using PsychoPy 1.82.01 and 1.83.01. All files to reproduce the procedure can be found in the Material sub-directories. A folder called `data` (where output data is saved), needs to be present in the same folder as the python script to run the experiment. ### Screen recordings To give a vivid impression of the experimental procedure, an examplary screen recording of the procedure is available under `otm1` &gt; `screen-recordings`. - otm\_1\_sr\_complete.mp4: An example of the full procedure (please note that this is not a recording of any of the participants) - otm\_1\_sr\_overview.mp4: A shorted version of the video to give a brief overview of all parts of the procedure (please note that the video does not reflect the actual procedure) ### Analyses Analyses were originally run on Ubuntu 14.04 using R (Version 3.5.3; 217 R Core Team, 2018) and the R-packages afex (Version 0.23.0; Singmann, Bolker, Westfall, & Aust, 2018), BayesFactor (Version 0.9.12.4.2; Morey & Rouder, 2018), emmeans (Version 1.3.3; Lenth, 2018), and papaja (Version 0.1.0.9842; Aust & Barth, 2018). To install [papaja](https://github.com/crsh/papaja#installation) please review the installation instructions. ## Funding The reported research was supported by Methusalem Grant BOF16/MET\_V/002 of Ghent University to Jan De Houwer. ## Licensing information Manuscript: [CC-BY-4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Code: [MIT](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) 2019 Frederik Aust & Tobias Heycke Data: [CC-BY-4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Material: - Experimental software: [CC-BY-4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) - Stimulus material: [CC-BY-4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ## Contact Frederik Aust Herbert-Lewin-Str. 2 50931 Cologne Germany E-mail: <frederik.aust@uni-koeln.de>