Descriptive norms—expectations about others’ actions—reliably and
powerfully predict one’s own behavior, ranging from pro-environmental
actions to voter turnout. What has been less studied, however, is how
norms impact a process that can be argued to precede such benevolent
behaviors and is integral to human prosociality: empathically sharing in
and experiencing another’s emotions. In two MTurk studies that used a
novel behavioral choice paradigm, the Empathy Selection Task, we
directly manipulated task-specific information about the extent to which
others chose to engage with empathy for presented targets, over repeated
instances. As predicted, in Study 1 (N=195 participants), participants in
the high-empathy norm condition were more likely to choose empathy
(46.80% of the time) compared to participants in the low-empathy norm
condition (32.58% of the time). Study 2 (N=196) replicated these
findings, with participants in the high-empathy norm condition favoring
empathy (48.12%) compared to participants in the low-empathy norm
condition (32.03%). Across conditions, participants were more likely to
choose empathy when they believed others chose empathy, and despite
perceiving empathy as more effortful compared to the alternative course
of action. These results point to the potentially powerful role that norms
play in the interpersonal regulation of empathy.
Eliana Hadjiandreou, B.A.
Graduate Student
Penn State University
Personal <http://elianahadjiandreou.com/> | Lab <https://sites.psu.edu/emplab/> | LinkedIn<https://www.linkedin.com/in/eliana-hadjiandreou-24426961/>