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This project will involve testing a range of different frames to see if they are effective in changing attitudes and behaviours towards refugees in the UK. The frames will be tied to one of four moral foundational values, based on Moral Foundation Theory (MFT). These values are Care, Fairness, Loyalty and Sanctity. The value of authority has been excluded. A fifth group will be exposed to the control treatment. The framing will be embedded in 3 facets; a statement based on the work of Professor Eric Kaufmann with YouGov that sought to address concerns related to ethnic changes in the UK due to immigration, the speech of a fictional politician (Candidate X), and a policy proposal relating to refugee intake in the UK. The framing will be achieved by way of the language used relating to each moral value. Participants will then be asked to complete the moral foundations theory questionnaire, as well as some other demographic data. Political preferences will also be asked about. Outcome measures will be 5 fold, with 3 relating to stated attitudes, and 2 relating to behavioural measures. Atitude 1. Rating of concern about the number of refugees entering the UK. Attitude 2. Rating of support for a pro-refugee candidate. Attitude 3. Support for a policy to increase refugee intake in the UK. Behaviour 1.Signing of a petition in support of, or opposing, increasing refugee intake in the UK. Behaviour 2. Donation to a charity that helps refugees living in the UK. In terms of anticipated findings, the following are the expectations of the researcher: 1. A significant relationship between Moral Foundation Theory composition on an individual level, with susceptibility to framing (e.g. individuals who score highly on the care frame will be more impacted by the care framing). 2. Frames that are congruent with moral values will be most effective. 2. Significantly more positive attitudes towards refugees by treatment groups, when compared with the control group. This will be an attempt to replicate one aspect of the work of Kaufmann and YouGov in 2016. 3. A possible adverse "backfiring" for individuals in the loyalty and sanctity framing condition, due to incongruence of framing pro-refugee messages with pro-loyalty and pro-sanctity values. 4. Amongst individuals with pro-refugee tendencies, there will be a significant difference in pro-refugee attitudes when compared with pro-refugee behaviours. 5. Individuals with higher levels of education and anti-Brexiters will have more favourable views of refugees. 6. Males will be less susceptible to framing than females. 7. Voters will be less susceptible to framing than non-voters. 8. The moral values of care and fairness will signficantly predict favourable attitudes and behaviours towards refugees. 9. The most generous (in terms of donations, and support for the petition) group will be individuals who score highly on care who experience the care treatment, while those who score highly on fairness and experience the fairness frame will be the second most generous. 10. The least generous group will be those who score highly on values of loyalty and sanctity. However, the control group will score least highly on all measures of support for refugees. 11. Muslims will exhibit the most favourable attitudes towards refugees. Catholics will exhibit more favourable views than Protestants. 12. Ethnic minorities will exhibit more favourable attitudes towards refugees, and will be more generous in their behaviours. 13. In terms of attitudes, levels of concern/alarm towards refugees numbers will be the most favourably impacted, while support for candidate X and support for the policy change will prove to be more rigid. Data collection will be carried out by way of Prolific, with all participants being British. Irish residents of Northern Ireland might also be included too. In terms of additional areas of inquiry, the researcher will investigate the following with interests: 1. Differences in moral values between those who deem Brexit favourably, and those who deem it unfavourable. 2. Religious differences relating to moral values.
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