Variable-free Semantics (Jacobson 1999, 2014) derives binding via the local application of the **z**-rule. This rule can account for co-argument binding, but it cannot account for binding into adjuncts as in (a), or non-c-commanding binding as in (b-c).
a. We will sell no wine before its time.
b. His mother loves him.
c. Every boy's mother loves him.
d. Someone from every city despises it.
This work makes two contributions: (i) propose to replace the **z**-rule with another type-shifting rule (called the **i**-rule), which accounts for (a,b); (ii) enrich the variable-free system to account for the interactions between scoping and binding seen in (c,d).
Relevant issues are: possessor binding, scope ambiguity, inverse linking, weak crossover, paycheck pronouns.