The aim of the workshop is to address the following main research questions: a. How can we best understand the effects of gradience on intonation? Is all gradience paralinguistic? Is gradience the same as variability? Are they distinct? If the latter, how can we disentangle the effects of gradience from those of variability in the realization of intonation? b. How can we handle variability in the realization of intonation? What are the sources of variability in intonation? How can we deal with variability across languages and linguistic varieties? Do we need to incorporate variability in formal models? If so, how? If not, how can it be modelled and predicted in production? How should we study its effects in the processing of intonation? c. How can we determine intonation categories? Do such categories exist, and if so, what are best practices for establishing them? Should research on intonation categories rely on production, perception or a combination of both? Are such categories language specific, or universal? ​ Invited speakers Mary Baltazani Jonathan Barnes, Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel, Alejna Brugos, & Nanette Veilleux Jason Bishop Jennifer Cole Martine Grice Nicole Holliday Jelena Krivokapić Pilar Prieto ​ Commentators Amalia Arvaniti Carlos Gussenhoven Bob Ladd Tamara Rathcke* ​ *Due to personal circumstances, Mariapaola D'Imperio will not be able to join us. We thank Mariapaola D'Imperio for her willingness to do the commentary originally and for Tamara Rathcke for stepping in.