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Contributors:
  1. Prof. Dr. Roland Brünken

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Description: Multiple external representations (MERs) play an important role in the learning field of mathematics. Whereas the CTML and the ITPC model assume that the heterogeneous combination of symbolic and analogous representations fosters learning, the Design, Functions and Tasks framework implicates that learning benefits depend on the specific functions of MERs. The current paper will be a conceptual replication study of one of the few studies comparing single representations, heterogeneous and homogeneous MERs in the context of mathematics learning. In a balanced incomplete block design, the participants will be provided single representations (graphic, text, or formula) or a heterogeneous (e.g., text + graphic) or homogeneous (text + formula) combination of these to solve linear system of equations problems. Gaze behavior, task performance, and time on task will be recorded. On the basis of previous research, learning with MERs is expected to be superior to learning with single representations. Moreover, heterogeneous representations are expected to be superior to homogeneous ones. The relationship between MERs and performance is assumed to be (serially) mediated by cognitive load and number of transitions. Additionally, text is expected to be fixated more often and longer than formula or graphic.

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This project is a registered report. Please find below the manuscript accepted in principle.

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