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Category: Project

Description: This study examined framing effects in decisions concerning public health. Tversky and Kahneman’s famous Asian Disease Problem served as experimental paradigm. Subjects chose between a sure and a risky option either presented as gains (saving lives) or as losses (dying). The amount of risk varied in terms of different probabilities. The number of affected people was either small (low need) or large (high need). Additionally, the decisions were linked to three different types of diseases (unusual infection, AIDS, leukemia). We also implemented two different time constraints during which the subjects had to give a response. Finally, we tested a within-subject design. The data analysis assuming a linear mixed effects model revealed significant effects of framing, probabilities, and need. Furthermore, the type of disease and time constraints were moderating the framing effect. Across the different diseases, framing effects were amplified when decision time was short. Furthermore, we investigated individual differences in choice behavior using a psychophysical data collection approach embedded primarily in a within-subjects design. A specific emphasis was put on framing effects in an Unusual Disease paradigm. We included instruments for measuring risk-style and thinking-style, in particular, the Stimulating Instrumental Risk Inventory (SIRI) and the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI). In addition, we included the Actively Open-Minded Thinking scale (AOT)