This repository houses supplementary data for "*A prominent vertical occipital white matter fasciculus unique to primate brains*", which will be published in Current Biology. Takemura, H., Kaneko, T., Sherwood, C.C., Johnson, G.A., Axer, M., Hecht, E.E., Ye, F.Q. & Leopold, D.A. (2024) A prominent vertical occipital white matter fasciculus unique to primate brains. *Current Biology*. The image file stored in this repository is either NIFTI-1 format or .mif format. The files with .mif format can be viewed by using MRView (https://mrtrix.readthedocs.io/en/dev/reference/commands/mrview.html). Each folder houses the dataset of each mammalian species. - DEC.mif: Diffusion-encoded color map. - meanb0.mif: Average image of low b-value (b=0 s/mm2) image. - LOR_streamlinedensity.nii.gz: Density of optic radiation streamlines in the left hemisphere. - ROR_streamlinedensity.nii.gz: Density of optic radiation streamlines in the right hemisphere. - LVOF_Graydist_2mm_dorsalfiberendpoint_normalized.nii.gz: Density of left VOF streamline endpoints in the dorsal occipital cortex. - LVOF_Graydist_2mm_ventralfiberendpoint_normalized.nii.gz: Density of left VOF streamline endpoints in the ventral occipital cortex. - RVOF_Graydist_2mm_dorsalfiberendpoint_normalized.nii.gz: Density of right VOF streamline endpoints near the dorsal occipital cortex. - RVOF_Graydist_2mm_ventralfiberendpoint_normalized.nii.gz: Density of right VOF streamline endpoints near the ventral occipital cortex. **Please note that the original data of the rat data is acquired in Duke University and provided by Dr. Allan Johnson.** **The original dataset is described in:** Johnson, G.A., Laoprasert, R., Anderson, R.J., Cofer, G., Cook, J., Pratson, F., and White, L.E. (2021). A multicontrast MR atlas of the Wistar rat brain. Neuroimage 242, 118470. **The fox data is provided by Dr. Erin Hecht of Harvard University. The original dataset is described in:** Hecht, E.E., Kukekova, A.V., Gutman, D.A., Acland, G.M., Preuss, T.M., and Trut, L.N. (2021). Neuromorphological changes following selection for tameness and aggression in the russian farm-fox experiment. J. Neurosci. 41, 6144–6156. **Macaque data and marmoset data were acquired in the National Institutes of Health (F.Q. Ye and D.A. Leopold) and already used in following previous works:** Thomas, C., Ye, F.Q., Irfanoglu, M.O., Modi, P., Saleem, K.S., Leopold, D.A., and Pierpaoli, C. (2014). Anatomical accuracy of brain connections derived from diffusion MRI tractography is inherently limited. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111, 46. Reveley, C., Seth, A.K., Pierpaoli, C., Silva, A.C., Yu, D., Saunders, R.C., Leopold, D.A., and Ye, F.Q. (2015). Superficial white matter fiber systems impede detection of long- range cortical connections in diffusion MR tractography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, E2820–E2828. Takemura, H., Pestilli, F., Weiner, K.S., Keliris, G.A., Landi, S.M., Sliwa, J., Ye, F.Q., Barnett, M.A., Leopold, D.A., Freiwald, W.A., et al. (2017). Occipital white matter tracts in human and macaque. Cereb. Cortex 27, 3346–3359 Kaneko, T., Takemura, H., Pestilli, F., Silva, A.C., Ye, F.Q., and Leopold, D.A. (2020). Spatial organization of occipital white matter tracts in the common marmoset. Brain Struct. Funct. 225, 1313–1326.