This dataset provides the data presented in our paper "Auditory figure-ground analysis in rostral belt and parabelt of the macaque monkey" [1] A critical aspect of auditory scene analysis is the ability to extract a sound of relevance (figure) from a background of competing sounds (ground) such as when we hear a speaker in a cafe. This is formally known as auditory figure-ground segregation. This is colloquially known as "cocktail party problem". To understand how the brain segregates overlapping sounds, we need to record from neurons, i.e. single cells in the brain. Since systematic single cell brain recordings are not suitable to perform in humans, we need to use animals in this research. Monkeys are best suited as animal models of human auditory perception due to their similar auditory abilities and similar organization of their auditory brain as humans. However, before we generalize the findings from monkeys to humans, we need to establish that monkeys utilize similar brain regions as humans for auditory figure ground segregation. To compare the underlying brain network in humans and monkeys, I need to employ sounds that are equally relevant to both species. So these sounds can neither be human speech nor monkey calls. So we have created artificial sounds where an auditory object made of tones repeating in time and "background" overlap in time and frequency. So extraction of this auditory object requires integration across both time and frequency similar to extraction of a voice in a noisy party. Thus, these artificial sounds simulate the challenges faced in real-world listening yet are devoid of semantic confounds. Here, we investigated auditory figure-ground segregation based on perceptual reports of rhesus macaques that attentively listened to SFG stimuli. The experiment was designed as Go/No-go figure-detection task. The detection of auditory figures was indicated with a touch bar release. The target-to-masker ratio (figure coherence) was pseudorandomly changed from trial to trial. We presented auditory figures in 60% of trials. The remaining trials contained no temporally coherent elements (catch trials). Similar to human figure-ground perception, the detection performance of macaques increases as function of figure coherence. If you use this data please cite the following paper: [1] Felix Schneider*, Pradeep Dheerendra*, Fabien Balezeau, Michael Ortiz-Rios, Yukiko Kikuchi, Christopher I. Petkov, Alexander Thiele, and Timothy D. Griffiths. "Auditory figure-ground analysis in rostral belt and parabelt of the macaque monkey." Scientific reports 8, no. 1 (2018): 1-8.