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Description: We examined the effect of emotions, associated with ‘powder fever’, on decision-making in avalanche terrain. Background: Skiing in avalanche terrain is a voluntary activity that exposes the participant to potentially fatal risk. Impaired decision-making in this context can therefore have devastating results, often with limited prior corrective feedback and learning opportunities. Previous research has suggested that arousal caused by emotions affects risk assessment, risk willingness, and willingness to violate social norms. We propose that powder fever may induce similar responses. Methods: we used two experimental methods – lab studies with visual visceral stimuli (ski movies) and a field study with real stimuli (skiing exciting terrain). We evaluated the effect of emotions on attention, risk assessment, and willingness to expose oneself and others to risk. Results: Both the lab studies and the field study showed that skiing-related stimuli had a relatively strong effect on reported emotions. However, we found very few significant effects on decision-making or assessment of risk. Conclusions: Skiing activities make people happier. However, despite the clear parallels to sexual arousal, powder fever does not appear to impair decision-making significantly. More research on the effects of powder fever on milder forms of risk taking behavior is needed.

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Film stimuli - study 1 and 2

Link to films used as stiumly in study 1 and 2 (positive and negative ski film)

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Images for avalanche signs - attention / information seeking - study 1

12 images showing relevant and irrelevant information in avalanche decision making context.

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Images for risk assessment of decent

Images for ski decents where participants are asked to rate risk.

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Data study 1

Data from study 1 - lab study where participants are shown a positive or negative skifilm and then go through an attention test where they are asked t...

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Data Study 2

Data from study 2 - study where participants at two avalanche seminars are shown a positive or negative skifilm and then go through an attention test ...

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Data study 3

Data from study 3 - field study where participants at Bridger Bowl ski resort are asked about their emotional state, social norms and willingness to b...

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Image and instructions experiment study 2


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