## Badge Disclosure ## **Open Data** 1. The data sets can be publicly accessed online at [osf.io/7ky9r][1]. 2. There is sufficient information for an independent researcher to reproduce the reported results. **Open Materials** 1. The materials can be publicly accessed online at [osf.io/47ujp][2]. 2. There is sufficient information for an independent researcher to reproduce the reported methodology. **Pre-registration** 1. The registrations can be publicly accessed online at [osf.io/tcvk7][3] and [osf.io/xe85v][4]. 2. The analysis plan was registered prior to the examination of the data or observing the outcomes. 3. There are two registrations associated with this project. The first registration was completed before we recruited the Canadian undergraduate sample and the second registration was completed before we recruited the American MTurk sample. Hypotheses and planned analyses did not change. 4. Following recommendations by the editor, we omitted null-hypothesis significance testing from our manuscript, including effect size estimates and their confidence intervals instead. Following other recommendations (e.g., Cummings, 2013), we ran meta-analyses across the two samples to more accurately estimate the size of the effect associated with each hypothesis. 5. All of the analyses described in the registered plan are reported in the article. [1]: http://osf.io/7ky9r [2]: http://osf.io/47ujp [3]: http://osf.io/tcvk7 [4]: http://osf.io/xe85v