Process Models Require Process Measures: Unconfounding Operating Principles and Operating Conditions Jeffrey W. Sherman, University of California, Davis Dual-process models are frequently mapped onto the distinction between automatic and controlled processing. However, it is critical that process models distinguish between operating principles and operating conditions. Operating principles refer to the qualitative nature of the proposed processes-the mechanisms through which the processes transform inputs into outputs. In contrast, operating conditions, such as features of automaticity and control, refer to the conditions under which different processes operate. In this talk, I will describe some of the negative consequences of confounding operating principles and operating conditions, describe the methodological challenges of unconfounding them, and will describe techniques for achieving that goal. I conclude by arguing that it is time to eliminate the automatic/controlled distinction as a definitional component of dual-process models. _______________________________________________________________