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Many urban areas in developing countries have no piped water, and where pipes do reach, water intermittency is widespread. Across the globe roughly 400 million people rely on intermittent water, and 250 million of them live in India. An intermittent (or non-continuous) water supply imposes significant stress on low-income households and small businesses, especially for the women typically responsible for household supply. In many cases, communities must wait for a few hours of water service each week with little clarity on when the water will arrive. Intermittency also places utilities’ physical infrastructure, originally designed for constant pressure, under stress, leading to premature degradation. Low payment rates in intermittent service areas suggest that poor quality of service may erode consumers’ willingness to pay for water. This perpetuates a vicious cycle where utilities deprived of revenue cannot extend their networks to underserved communities. In this project, we assessed the impact of a system designed by NextDrop, a start-up venture in India launched by UC Berkeley graduates. NextDrop developed and deployed an SMS-based notification system to help consumers and small businesses reduce the coping costs of intermittency. NextDrop’s system involves collecting water flow information from valvemen — the individuals responsible for opening and closing the valves controlling water into particular districts — and disseminating notifications to NextDrop customers about when they will receive services. This would potentially allow households to have accurate and timely updates on their water source, but also enables water utilities to access real-time feedback on the status of their system. Our impact evaluation of a novel notification system in Bangalore, India found that crowd-sourcing data on water arrival times from the water utility employees charged with opening and closing water valves proved to be an unworkable approach beyond a pilot site, given inadequate incentives for regular and accurate reporting. These results are discussed in the following publications: Kumar, Tanu, Alison E. Post, and Isha Ray. “Flows, Leaks, and Blockages in Informational Interventions: A Field Experimental Study of Bangalore’s Water Sector.” 2018. World Development. 106: 149-160. Hyun, Christopher, Alison E. Post, and Isha Ray. “Frontline Worker Compliance with Transparency Reforms: Barriers Posed by Family and Financial Responsibilities.” 2018. Governance. 31: 65-83. Replication data for papers reporting these results can be found at Harvard Dataverse, [here][1] and [here][2]: (See also https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZMYDWN and https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NZJXDB.) This project was funded by the Development Impact Laboratory, Blum Center for Developing Economies, U.C. Berkeley (USAID Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-A- 13- 00002). PI: Alison Post. Co-PI Isha Ray. [1]: https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/ZMYDWN [2]: https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/NZJXDB
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