In this paper, we propose a new way to analyze and interpret acceptability judgment data using Signal Detection Theory (SDT), which has been used in many other psychological research areas such as recognition memory and clinical assessments. The benefits of this approach are that it can: (1) show how well participants can differentiate the acceptable sentences from unacceptable ones, and (2) describe the participant’s sensitivity (d’) versus bias (c) in their judgments. We evaluate this approach using two datasets from two studies examining the Unaccusative Hypothesis.