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Description: Objective. Estimate the prevalence of suicidal behavior and its association with psychological factors in Mexican adolescents. Material and methods. Cross-sectional study based on the National Survey of Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT 2018-2019), with a sample of 17,995 adolescents (10-19 years). Adjusted logistic regression models were estimated, obtaining Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in Mexico were 5.1% and 3.9%, respectively; the highest prevalence was in Guanajuato (ideation: 9.0%, attempt: 7.8%). Associated factors. Suicidal ideation: tobacco (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.56-3.09), alcohol (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.53-2.60), depressive symptoms (OR = 5.67; 95% CI: 4.56-7.07), sexual abuse (OR = 6.67; 95% CI: 4.60-9.66). Suicidal attempt: tobacco (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.42-3.07), alcohol (OR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.65-2.80), depressive symptoms (OR = 6.05; 95% CI: 4.75-7.73), sexual abuse (OR = 6.86; 95% CI: 4.65-10.13). Conclusions. Suicidal behavior remains high among adolescents, it is urgent to implement prevention programs based on scientific evidence. Key words. Suicidal ideation, suicide attempted, tobacco use, alcohol drinking, depression, sex offenses.